at the end
به ما می گوید که کاری در لحضه آخر یا در زمان پایانی اتفاق افتاده است.
(مثلا در پایان یک داستان یا یک ماجرایی)
by the end
به ما می گوید که کاری در قبل از لحضه آخر یا قبل از کار دیگری اتفاق افتاده است.
در زیر می تونید مثال ها رو ببینید تا با تفاوت این دو بیشتر آشنا شوید.
At the end of the book the princess finds her lost horse.) = she finds her horse during the ending of the story, or in the final chapter.
در پایان کتاب شاهزاده اسب گمشده اش را پیدا می کند.
By the end of
the book the princess finds her lost horse. = she finds her horse some
time before the story ends; when the ending happens, she has already
found her horse.
قبل از پایان کتاب شاهزاده اسب گمشده اش را پیدا می کند.
The baby made a huge mess at the end of the party. = during the final moments of the party.
در پایان مهمانی بچه گند کاری بزرگی انجام داد.
The baby made a huge mess by the end of the party. = the baby had been making a mess for the whole party, and when the party ended, the mess was huge.
قبل از پایان مهمانی بچه گند کاری بزرگی انجام داد.
At the end of the meeting = during the last minutes/moments of the meeting we solved the problem
در پایان جلسه
By the end of
the meeting we solved the problem. = we worked throughout the meeting
to find a solution, and when the meeting ended we had a solution.
قبل از پایان جلسه ما مشکل را حل کردیم.
At the end tells us about the last or one of the last things to happen in a story or event.
By the end is used to say that something was happening throughout a story or event, and finished happening before the story or event ended.
